A JDK Enhancement Proposal (JEP) is the formal document used to propose, track, and communicate a significant change to the Java platform. Every major language feature, JVM improvement, or API addition that ships in a JDK release starts life as a JEP.
A JEP describes the motivation for the change, its goals and non-goals, the proposed design, and the alternatives considered. JEPs go through a lifecycle of states — Draft, Submitted, Candidate, Proposed to Target, Targeted, Integrated, Complete — before a change lands in a release.
New language features often progress through a preview stage first, appearing in a release marked as preview so developers can experiment and give feedback before the feature is finalised. This is why features like records and pattern matching went through one or more preview rounds before becoming permanent. An incubator module serves a similar purpose for new APIs.
You can browse all JEPs at openjdk.org/jeps. A good starting point on Foojay for understanding how JEPs drive the platform is Does Java Really Use Too Much Memory? Let's Look at the Facts (JEPs).
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